Under what circumstance can a guard legally use physical force?

A security guard can legally use physical force primarily when they are protecting themselves or others from imminent harm. This principle is rooted in self-defense laws which allow individuals to use reasonable force to defend themselves or another person against an immediate threat. The concept of “imminent harm” means that the threat must be immediate and present, such as a physical attack or an aggressive individual posing a risk of injury.

Using physical force in this context must be proportionate to the threat faced. For example, if a guard sees someone about to attack a bystander, intervening using force to prevent that attack would be justified. The rationale behind this is to ensure the safety of individuals in potentially dangerous situations.

While preventing trespassers from entering an area, apprehending shoplifters, and dispersing crowds may involve scenarios where physical force seems necessary, these actions typically do not warrant the same legal justification. Such actions often rely on other methods, such as verbal warnings, notifying law enforcement, or using restraint techniques that do not involve significant physical force unless absolutely necessary and legally supported.